Abstrait

How human immune system controls HIV

Edward Foy

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) targets immune cells that express the Cluster of Differentiation 4 cell surface glycoprotein (CD4⁺ cells), which include T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. By integrating the double stranded DNA copy (vDNA) of its RNA genome into the target cell's chromosome, HIV creates a persistent infection. The chromosomally integrated vDNA, also known as a "provirus," survives in the host cell for its whole lifespan and produces new viruses. If untreated, the provirus continuously produces de novo infections and target cell death in the majority of HIV infected people (Chronic Progressors, CPs). Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and eventually, death are the results of the immune system's increasing breakdown.